A “zombie” power of attorney proved costly for the estate of a taxpayer in the case of Stauffer v. IRS, United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit, Case No. 18-2105.[1]  By “zombie” we’re referring to a power of attorney that was not being actively used by the power holder, who announced he wasn’t going to act under it, and which the grantor drafted letters to revoke but never actually got around to sending to the power holder.  This power that never died would enter into the question of whether the statute of limitations was still open for the estate to claim a refund of taxes due to the decedent.

The law involved is IRC §6511(h) which suspends the statute for claiming a refund for the period an individual is financially disabled.  But there is an exception to this suspension of the statute, found at IRC §6511(h)(2)(B), that provides a person is not financially disabled during any period where another person “is authorized to act on behalf of such individual in financial matters.”

The federal government shutdown this past winter apparently caused an extension of a statute agreed to by the taxpayer to be nevertheless invalid when the IRS did not also sign off on the extension prior to the expiration of statute due to the shutdown, the Chief Counsel’s office ruled in Email Advice ECC 201937017.[1]

The question presented in the email is relatively simple:

You asked us first whether, where the IRS did not timely sign a Form 872 Consent to Extend the Time to Assess Tax—due to a government shutdown at the time—but the taxpayer did sign the Consent, the consent is valid.[2]

In the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Congress added IRC §451(c) in order to put into the Code an accounting method the IRS had defined in Revenue Procedure 2004-34 to optionally account for advance payments. On September 5, 2019, the IRS released proposed regulations to implement this provision.[1]  Specifically, the IRS has proposed to add Proposed Reg. §1.451-8, Advance payments for goods, services and other items to the existing regulations under IRC §451.

The IRS makes clear in the preamble that, for the most part, the proposed regulations will follow the previously existing guidance:

Because new section 451(c)(1)(B) was intended to generally codify the Revenue Procedure deferral method, the Treasury Department and the IRS believe that rules similar to the Revenue Procedure deferral method are necessary and appropriate for the proper application of section 451(c). See H.R. Rep. No. 115-466, at 429 (2017) (Conf. Rep.).[2]

A Tennessee high school student got a lesson on tax law in the case of Conyers v. Commissioner, Designated Order, Case No. 13969-18.[1]  The former stand-out student discovered that the value of the Jeep Renegade she received as an award that given as a prize in a drawing was taxable income to her, despite being given to her in recognition of outstanding performance her senior year. 

To qualify to be part of that drawing, Alejandra had to have perfect attendance her senior year, good grades and be submitted for the drawing by her high school.  Alejandra was just such a model student.  The program was run by a local car dealership as a “Strive to Drive” competition.[2]

In what may initially seem like an odd argument for both parties to make, the IRS successfully argued that vacation homes were not rentals in the case of Eger v. United States, USDC Northern District California, Case No. 18-cv-00199-DMR.[1]

Greg Eger was a real estate professional, meeting the requirements under IRC §469(c)(7). The Eger owned three properties that were offered for rent at points during the year, located in Mexico, Colorado, and Hawaii. [2]  In each case they entered into contracts with management companies that would seek to offer these properties up for rent, although in each case the Egers had the right to remove days from the rental pool for their own personal use.[3]

In Chief Counsel Advice 201935011,[1] the IRS discusses when a contribution other than cash to a qualified retirement plan has been paid to determine if the contribution is deductible under IRC §404(a).

The term “payment” or “paid” is referenced multiple times in IRC §404(a) regarding what would constitute a deductible contribution to a qualified retirement plan.  The memo notes that the U.S. Supreme Court had addressed this matter in the 1977 case of Don E. Williams v. Commissioner, 429 US 569.[2]  In that case, the plan sponsor had delivered to the plan an interest-bearing promissory note before the due date for a contribution to be made but did not pay off that note until after that date.

Filing a Form 3115 to request an automatic change of accounting methods is something almost every CPA eventually has to do, but it’s also an rather unusual process that isn’t like a normal tax return filing.  Not surprisingly, this is just the sort of thing where steps get missed by accident—resulting in the taxpayer failing to obtain the required permission to change its accounting method, a failure that can be both costly to the client and embarrassing to the CPA firm.

PLR 201935002[1] reminds us that the problem can be corrected—but also that the way to do so requires the formal process of requesting a private letter ruling and the user fee related to the application (currently set at $11,800 per Appendix A(3)(ii) of Revenue Procedure 2019-01).

The IRS has released a draft of the instructions for the 2019 Form 8995, Qualified Business Income Deduction Simplified Computation.[1]  The instructions contain some additional information about items that are/are not considered part of QBI, at least in the of the IRS authors of the forms.

The taxpayers in the case of Chapman v. Commissioner, TC Memo 2019-110[1] argued that the IRS had failed to send the notice of deficiency to their last known address.  They stated they had failed to receive the document and, as such, were not aware of the deadline by which they had to file a Tax Court petition.

The case involved Duane Chapman and his recently deceased wife, Alice Smith.  The couple had been featured on a pair of TV series, eight seasons of Dog the Bounty Hunter on A&E and three seasons of Dog and Beth: On the Hunt on CMT.  The series chronicled their experiences as a bounty hunter in both Hawaii and Colorado.

Published Tax Court decisions look at new and novel issues that have not previously been decided by the Court—and, in the case of Lipnick v. Commissioner, 153 TC No. 1,[1] the Court was looking at just such case. 

The issue was fairly simple.  A partner received a debt-financed distribution from a partnership.  He used those funds to buy investment assets and, under Reg. §1.163-8T and Notice 89-35, he treated the debt-financed distribution interest expense reported to him by the partnership as investment interest.  However, later he gifted a portion of his interest in the partnership to his son who, of course, was now seeing such debt-financed distribution interest show up on his K-1. 

In 2016 we noted an unsuccessful attempt by a religious order to get a coffeehouse the organization planned to operate treated as a §501(c)(3) exempt organization.[1]  Now, in PLR 201934008,[2] we have another attempt, this time for a coffeehouse that “will act as both a fundraising organization for nonprofits that serve your community and act as a community launch point and gathering venue featuring local art and music.”[3]

In the case of McMillan v. Commissioner, TC Memo 2019-108,[1] the taxpayer was arguing that her loss from her horse business.  The IRS had challenged Ms. McMillan regarding this business in five prior Tax Court cases, but this time, she faced a unique challenge—her last horse had died two years previously.[2]  So she was arguing for the unique proposition that a horse breeding/showing business did not require a horse.

Unfortunately, the Tax Court did not accept this view.